KOBE TRACTION BATTERY
An electric-vehicle
battery (EVB) or traction battery is a battery used
to power the propulsion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Vehicle
batteries are usually a secondary (rechargeable) battery. Traction
batteries are used in forklifts,
electric Golf
carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric
motorcycles, full-size electric cars,
trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles.
Electric-vehicle
batteries differ from starting,
lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries because they are
designed to give power over sustained periods of time. Deep-cycle
batteries are used instead of SLI batteries for these
applications. Traction batteries must be designed with a high ampere-hour
capacity. Batteries for electric vehicles are characterized by their relatively
high power-to-weight ratio, energy-to-weight ratio and energy density;
smaller, lighter batteries reduce the weight of the vehicle and improve its
performance. Compared to liquid fuels, most current battery technologies have
much lower specific
energy, and this often impacts the maximal all-electric range of the
vehicles. However, metal-air batteries have high specific energy because the
cathode is provided by the surrounding oxygen in the air. Rechargeable batteries used in electric
vehicles include lead–acid ("flooded",
deep-cycle, and VRLA), NiCd, nickel–metal hydride, lithium-ion, Li-ion polymer, and, less commonly, zinc–air and molten-salt batteries.
The amount of electricity (i.e. electric charge) stored in batteries is
measured in ampere
hours or in coulombs,
with the total energy often measured in watt hours.
The
battery makes up a substantial cost of BEVs, which unlike for fossil-fueled
cars, profoundly manifests itself as a price of range. In the case of the MiEV
2012 model, the price tag and advertised range is close to proportional between
two versions with a different battery, giving the (false) impression that
the battery makes up close to 100% of the cost (95% for the higher-priced
version). However, some of the price difference comes from extra features in
the higher-priced version, plus an unknown price premium,
making such a retail price comparison a very bad indicator of actual cost of
battery capacity, but nevertheless serves to quantify battery capacity as a
premium feature. The few electric cars with over 500 km of range
(including Tesla
Model S with the 85 kWh battery), are firmly in the luxury
segment, as of 2015. Since the late 1990s, advances in battery technology have
been driven by demands for portable electronics, like laptop computers and
mobile phones. The BEV marketplace has reaped the benefits of these advances.
However, Mitsubishi ascribes the price reduction of its 2012 model MiEV,
compared to the 2011 model, to "a dramatic reduction in the cost of
batteries".[1] The
cost of electric-vehicle batteries has been reduced by more than 35% from 2008
to 2014.
Rechargeable
traction batteries are routinely used all day and fast-charged all night.
Forklifts, for instance, are usually discharged and recharged every 24 hours
of the work week.
The
predicted market for automobile traction batteries is over $37 billion in
2020
On
an energy basis, the price of electricity to run an EV is a small fraction of
the cost of liquid fuel needed to produce an equivalent amount of energy (energy efficiency). The cost of replacing the
batteries dominates the operating costs.
Lithium-ion
Main articles: lithium-ion
battery and lithium polymer battery
Lithium-ion (and similar lithium polymer) batteries, widely
known via their use in laptops and consumer electronics, dominate the most
recent group of EVs in development. The traditional lithium-ion chemistry
involves a lithium cobalt oxide cathode and a
graphite anode. This yields
cells with an impressive 200+ Wh/kg energy density and good power
density, and 80 to 90% charge/discharge efficiency. The downsides of
traditional lithium-ion batteries include short cycle lives (hundreds to a few
thousand charge cycles) and significant degradation with age. The cathode is
also somewhat toxic. Also, traditional lithium-ion batteries can pose a fire
safety risk if punctured or charged improperly. These laptop cells don't accept
or supply charge when cold, and so heaters can be necessary in some climates to
warm them. The maturity of this technology is moderate. The Tesla Roadster uses
"blades" of traditional lithium-ion "laptop battery" cells
that can be replaced individually as needed.
Most other EVs are utilizing new variations on lithium-ion
chemistry that sacrifice energy and power density to provide fire resistance,
environmental friendliness, very rapid charges (as low as a few minutes), and
very long lifespans. These variants (phosphates, titanates, spinels, etc.) have
been shown to have a much longer lifetime, with A123 expecting their lithium iron phosphate batteries to last for at
least 10+ years and 7000+ charge cycles,and
LG Chem expecting their lithium-manganese spinel batteries
to last up to 40 years.
Much work is being done on lithium ion batteries in the lab. Lithium
vanadium oxide has already made its way into the Subaru prototype G4e, doubling energy density. Silicon nanowires,
silicon nanoparticles, and tin nanoparticles
promise several times the energy density in the anode, while
composite and superlattice cathodes also promise significant density improvements.
PT TRIGUNA KARYA NUSA ,adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang
jasa trading alat alat industri, meaning dan pertanian di Indonesia antara lain (
Forklift, Generator Set, Towing Tractors, Wheel Loader, Hydraulic Excavator,
Mini Excavator, Backhoe Loader, Skid Steer Loader, Motor Grader, Bulldozer,
Vibrator Roller, Stacker Container, Air Compressor, Asphalt Finisher, Traction
Battery, Concrete Batch Plant, Concrete Boom Pump, Concrete Line Pump, Concrete
Trailler Pump, Concrete Truck Mixer, Crawler Crane, Truck Crane, Telescopic
Crane, Solid Tyres, UPS power Supply, Panel Genset, Attachment Forklift).
Untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada
pelanggan, PT TRIGUNA KARYANUSA memiliki program pelayanan kepada
costumer yaitu: Pengadaan new unit Kobe Traction Battery, suku cadang Kobe Traction Battery, on call Kobe Traction Battery, maintenance contract Kobe Traction Battery,
full maintenan contract Kobe Traction Battery, repair minor Kobe traction Battery, repair major Kobe Traction Battery, top ovehaul Kobe Traction Battery, general
overhaul Kobe Traction Battery, reconditioned Kobe Traction Battery serta Rental Kobe Traction Battery.
PT TRIGUNA KARYA NUSA melayani dilevery order seluruh kota di indonesia
antara lain :
Pulau Sumatra (Banda Aceh, Langsa, Lhokseumawe, Meulaboh,
Sabang, Subulussalam, Padang, Medan, Tebing Tinggi, Padang Sidempuan, Padang
Panjang, Pematang Siantar, Tanjung Balai, Solok, Bukit Tinggi, Lubuk
Linggau, Pagar Alam, Gunung Sitoli, Tanjung Balai, Sibolga, Bangka Belitung,
Batam, Pangkal Pinang, Bengkulu, Pekanbaru, Dumai, Riau, Prabumulih, Jambi,
Palembang, Bandar Lampung).
Pulau Jawa (Banten, Cilegon, Serang, Pandeglang,
Rangkasbitung, Tangerang, Jakarta, Bekasi, Kawasan MM2100 Cibitung, Kawasan
Industri Jababeka Cikarang, Kawasan Loppo Cikarang, Kawasan KIIC Karawang,
Kawasan Suryacipta Karawang, Kawasan Bukit Indah City Cikampek, Purwakarta,
Sumedang, Bogor, Depok, Cimahi, Banjarnagara, Bandung, Cianjur, Sukabumi,
Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, Indramayu, Cirebon, Magelang, Solo, Purwodadi, Pekalongan,
Purwokerto, Bojonegoro, Salatiga, Surakarta, Bantul, Belitar, Semarang,
Jogjakarta, Surabaya, Kediri, Madiun, Malang, Mojokerto,
Sidoarjo, Pasuruan).
Pulau Madura (Bangkalan, Sumenep, Sampang,
Pamekasan, Bali, Denpasar).
Pulau
Kalimantan (Bengkayang, Kapuas Ulu, Kayong Utara, Ketapang,
Kubu Raya, Landak, Melawi, Mempawah, Sambas, Sanggau, Sekadau, Sintang,
Pontianak, Singkawang, Balangan, Banjar, Barito Kuala, Hulu Sungai Selatan,
Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Utara, Kota Baru, Tabalong, Tanah Bumbu, Tanah
Laut, Tapin, Banjar Baru, Banjarmasin, Barito Selatan, Barito Timur, Barito
Utara, Gunung Mas, Kapuas, Katingan, Kota Waringin Barat, Kota Waringin Timur,
Lamandau, Murung Raya, Pulau Pisau, Sukamara, Seruyan, Palangkaraya, Berau,
Kutai Barat, Kutai Kertanegara, Kutai Timur, Mahakam Ulu, Paser, Penajam Paser
Utara, Balikpapan, Bontang, Samarinda, Bulungan, Malinau, Nunukan, Tana
Tidung, Tarakan).
Pulau Sulawesi (Makassar, Manado, Kendari, Palu, Gorontalo,
Bitung, Palopo, Baubau, Parepare, Kota Mobagu).
Pulau Maluku (Namlea, Namrole, Dobo, Tiakur, Masohi, Langgur,
Saumlaki, Piru, Bula, Ambon Tual, Ternate, Tidore, Bima, Mataram, Kupang).
Pulau Papua (Agats, Biak, Tanah Merah, Tigi, Kigamani, Sugapa,
Sentani, Wamena, Waris, Serui, Tiom, Burmeso, Kobakma, Kepi, Merauke, Timika,
Nabire, Kenyam, Enarotali, Oksibil, Ilaga, Kota Mulia, Sarmi, Sorendiweri,
Kurubaga, Botawa, Sumohai, Elelim, Sorong, Jayapura).
Visi
Menjadi
perusahaan terbaik sebagai rekan usaha untuk pelanggan dengan motto "Business
Solutions" sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelangan.
Misi
Memmberikan
yang terbaik kepada stake holder dengan kualitas dan pelayanan terbaik
competitive serta win-win solution.
CORE VALUE
Focus
Fokus
pada pelanggan dengan mengutamakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan sebagai prioritas
utama.
Respect
Peduli
terhadap orang lain dan kelselamatan kerja demi kesejahteraan bersama serta
kemajuan perusahaan, bangsa dan negara.
Accountability
Dengan
perhitungan yang cepat dan tepat menjamin teguh prinsip win win solution
Excellent
Dengan
menerapkan prinsip PDCA secara terus menerus dan consistent untuk mencapai
kesempurnaan dalam pelayanan maupun kualitas product.
PT TRIGUNA KARYA NUSA Melayani Penjualan spare parts antara lain:
Engine Group (Cylinder head, Bushing Valve, Seat valve,
Chember, Gasket kit head, Liner Cylinder, Piston assy, Ringset piston, Bearing
conecting rod/ metal jalan, Bearing crangshaft/ Metal duduk, Washer
thrust/metal bulan, Conecting rod/stang piston, Crankshaft/ As kruk, Vale
intake, Valve Exhaust, Oil Filter, Fuel Filter, Aircleaner, Filter Hydraulic,
Nozzle, Injection, Spare plug, Glow plug, Oil pump dll).
Clutch group (Master Cylinder assy, Master release assy, Cove
clutch/matahari, Disc clutch/pelat coupling, Bearing release.)
Manual Transmission group (Gasket kit transmission, Gear Forward, Gear
reverse, shinchonize, Yoke, Spider set, Propeller, Wire.)
Automatic Transmision group (Gasket kit transmission, Disc clutch, Plate, Ring
seal, control valve, torque converter.)
Differential group/ Gardan (Pinion Ring gear, planetari gear, shaft,
Wheel/pelg, Solid tire/ban mati, Penumatic tire/ban hidup).
Brake group (Wheel cylinder, Shoe lining/kanvas rem, Wire Rh
dan Lh, Master brake, Kit wheel cylinder, kit master brake),
Rear axle group (Kit kingpin, kit bellcrank, pin knucle, pin
bellcrank, pin tierod, Kit cylinder steering)
Mast group (Roller bearing, Fork/garpu, forkshoe/sepatu
garpu/extention, Chain/rante, Hose hydraulic, Kit lift cylinder, Kit tilt
cylinder).
Acceories/ Electrical group (Head lamp, Front lamp, Rear Lamp, Switch lamp,
Relay, Cotactor, Motor drive, Motor hydraulic, Sensor steering, Tire angle
sensor, CPU board, Mpu Board, Controller, Transistor, Diode, Rotary lamp,
Battery forklift, Motor starter, Dinamo Amphere).
Attachment (Paper Roll Clamp, Bale clamp, Side sifter, hanged
fork, Puspull, Doubledeep, Bucket, Rotating Fork, Fork Stabilizer, Rum Fork,
Fork Shoes).